The short answer
No. The name is Latin. Jesuit missionaries built it out of Kong Fuzi, a respectful title, which one scholar argues was rare in Chinese writing. It reaches print in a book made in Jiangxi in 1662, and properly in Paris in 1687. The first English version appears in 1691.
In two and a half thousand years of Chinese, nobody has called him Confucius. They call him Kongzi.
His own names
His personal name was Qiu, and his family name Kong: Kong Qiu. His courtesy name was Zhongni. When the chronicle records him giving an order on a terrace under attack, it uses Zhongni, which is what the men around him would have called him. When an enemy adviser sizes him up at a border meeting, it calls him plain Kong Qiu, with no title.
After he died, the duke of Lu composed a lament and called him Father Ni, an honorific made out of his own name.
And Confucianism?
The word is younger than the steam locomotive. The first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary traces it to 1862. It translates nothing.